Which of the following best describes an Article 15 disciplinary action?

An Article 15 disciplinary action is best described as non-judicial punishment. This type of action is utilized within the military to address minor offenses and misconduct without resorting to a formal court-martial. The process allows commanding officers to impose disciplinary measures directly, which can include various penalties such as reduction in rank, extra duties, or pay forfeiture, but does not involve the formal judicial procedures typical of a criminal court.

This approach promotes efficiency in handling misconduct that may not warrant the severity of a formal trial, while still holding service members accountable for their actions. It also provides a way to maintain discipline and order within the ranks while offering the service member an opportunity to receive punishment that is often less severe than what might be encountered in a judicial setting.

Other options, such as criminal court proceedings, administrative discharge, and promotion review, do not pertain to the Article 15 process as they involve different mechanisms and consequences associated with military law and personnel actions. Understanding the specifics of non-judicial punishment helps frame the context of disciplinary actions available to military leaders.